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    1516704 Glucose isomerase immobilization NOVO INDUSTRI AS 26 Aug 1975 [28 Aug 1974] 35261/75 Heading C3H A concentrate of at least partially ruptured micro-organism cells which contain from 0- 75% intact cells and has a dry molten content of from 3-30% weight by volume is reacted with from 0À01 to 1À0 part by weight of glutaraldehyde per part by weight of dry matter content of the concentrate, to form a coherent solid product from which water is removed to shape a glucose isomerase. In examples the micro-organism cells are the product of fermentation of Bacillus coagulans and immobilization may be effected by use of a flocculant or cross-linking agent.
    公开号:SU712026A3
    申请号:SU752169454
    申请日:1975-08-28
    公开日:1980-01-25
    发明作者:Амотс Шмюэл (Израиль)；Кьер Нильсен Таге (Израиль)；Отто Тисен Нильс (Дания)
    申请人:Ново Индустри А.С. (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to the microbiological industry and relates to the preparation of an immobilized glucose isomerase enzyme preparation. A known method for producing an immobilized enzyme preparation of glucose isomerase, which involves mixing the culture fluid containing cells of microorganisms with a solution of glutaraldehyde 1 However, a known method does not allow obtaining a water-insoluble preparation with high physical stability in the process of glucose isomerization. The purpose of the invention is to obtain water insoluble preparation and its physical stability in the process of glucose isomerization. This is achieved by concentrating the culture liquid to a dry matter content of 3-30 wt.%, In the resulting concentrate, destroys the cells of microorganisms to a content of destroyed cells in it 25-100%, while glutaric aldehyde is used in an amount of 0.01- 1.0 weight.h. on 1 weight. the dry matter of the concentrate and the mixture are kept at ambient temperature until gel formation, after which the gel is granulated, the resulting preparation is dehydrated, washed and again dehydrated. In addition, the culture fluid of microorganisms of the genus Bacillus is used, as well as the culture fluid of Bacillus coagylans microorganisms. Cells are destroyed by autolysis or homogenization. After autolysis, flocculant is added to the concentrate and then, after mixing with glutaric ohdegid, it is diluted with water and filtered. The preparation is dehydrated by drying or freezing. The method is carried out by the interaction of cell concentrate, at least partially destroyed cells of microorganisms containing from 0 to 75% of intact cells and from 3 to 30 wt.% By volume of dry matter, from 0.01-1, 0 weight.h. glutaraldehyde per 1 weight.h. dry matter concentrate. Thus, a cohesive solid product is obtained, after which water is removed and a glucose isomerization catalyst is formed. The removal of water, which can be carried out to varying degrees, is usually carried out in two stages: mechanical or mechanical treatment, i.e. by filtration., and drying the final molded product. A cell concentrate with a dry matter content of from 8 to 20% by weight, by volume, preferably from 10 to 16% by weight by volume, is used for this purpose.
    The invention also relates to an enzymatically physically stable, water-insoluble, glucose isomerization catalyst from microbial cells with the ability to catalyze glucose isomerization. This catalyst is obtained by the interaction of a cell preparation from partially destroyed cells, which contains from 0 to 75% of damaged cells and has a dry matter content of from 3 to 30 wt.% by volume from 0.01 to 1.0 weight.h glutaraldehyde on 1 weight.h. dry matter concentrate. Thus, a cohesive solid product is synthesized, after which the glucose isomerization catalyst is dehydrated and formed.
    coupled solid glucose isomerization catalyst can be obtained without dilution of the enzyme with the introduction of a foreign immobilization reagent. It was found that the cells themselves contain more than enough nitrogen (and other) components capable of reacting with glutaraldehyde to form a gel. These nitrogenous substances must first be isolated from the cells of microorganisms, and then they can be used, mine the purification step.
    Isolation of nitric substances, {proteins and nucleic acids) - is carried out mechanically or by autolysis. The selection need not be complete. The destruction of 25% of the cells (75% remain intact) provides a sufficient amount of reagents to form a cohesive solid product, which may be a gel. The linked α -product of the reaction is dehydrated and subjected to molding to form particles of 10 microns in size.
    The specific source of microorganisms is not necessary since the glucose isomerization catalyst is an intracellular product. Many microorganisms can catalyze the isomerization of glucose. However, most of these known microorganisms are produced by the enzyme intracellularly.
    The cells of microorganisms can be cultivated by any suitable method, in particular, the most suitable for obtaining cells with high activity to catalyze the isomerization of glucose. The cells are respectively separated from the enzyme-active broth by filtration, centrifugation or by detailed method.
    and get a concentrate containing 3-30 wt.% by volume of dry matter. The presence of autolyzed and disrupted cells and even a free enzyme in the cell concentrate is critical, which allows the concentration of microbiological cells to be applied using large industrial plants (self-cleaning sedimentation centrifuges). Usually, relatively hard operating conditions, even autolysis, are allowed.
    If a significant portion of the cells are destroyed, autolysis or the like does not occur during the isolation and concentration: the cells are destroyed so that the concentration contains not more than 75%, preferably less than 60% of the whole (intact) cells. Complete or 100% cell disruption is optimal because it eliminates diffusion problems and provides the most physically stable product.
    The reaction with glutaraldehyde is carried out in an aqueous suspension of fragmented cells and a number of the separated cellular constituents, including the glucose isomerization catalyst, are in solution. Accordingly, cell breakdown or destruction should be carried out only after the cells are concentrated above their normal content in the fermentation medium. This means that the microorganism is usually separated from its nutrient medium, for example, by centrifugation, since the bacterial cell concentrate contains 3-20% dry matter. Then, simultaneously with the concentration or immediately after it, the necessary cell destruction is carried out, for example, by autolysis or homogenization. On an industrial scale, the concentration of cells is carried out using self-cleaning separators, for example, SAMS 15037 or SAMR.
    These separators are recommended for use if the degree of cell destruction is not critical, because great physical forces are used in the process of periodic unloading from the centrifuge basket through the peripheral holes, and the cells are transferred from the high pressure area in the basket to the atmospheric pressure area. outside.
    . %
    The degree of cell disruption may vary depending on the type of
    microorganism, which is explained by the size and strength of the cell walls. For Bacillus coagulans, it was found that the degree of destruction is usually greater than 50% when using YAMB 15037.
    The pressure on the wall of the centrifuge basket can be calculated by the formula
    .)
    where G is the density of the raw material (in this case about 1030 kg / m), to is the speed of rotation of the separator;
    r is the basket radius; r - radius from the center of the level
    raw materials which are close to zero in this installation.
    It was found that the pressure at the periphery of the basket in such a separator is 50-100 kg / cm. The SAMS 15037 basket has a radius of 25 cm and usually rotates at a speed of 5000 rpm with a corresponding pressure on the basket wall of about 80 kg / cm.
    It is known that some microorganisms, especially Bacillus species, are sensitive to autolysis. It has been found for Bacillus coagulans that if a cell concentrate is obtained using the said self-cleaning separator, a greater amount of glucose isomerization catalyst is released if the sludge is kept for several hours at 10-40 ° C. After 3-6 hours of storage, usually more than 80% of the cells are destroyed or lysed.
    The glucose isomerization catalyst activity of a suspension of intact Bacillus coagulans cells constitutes only 1/3 of the activity of a suspension of fully lysed cells obtained by treatment with lysozyme.
    The activity (in GINU / r) of fresh broth without lysozyme was 2.14, with lysozyme after 30 minutes at 3.97, after 60 minutes at 6.02.
    Lysozyme is Sigma Grade I with 25,000 Sigma units / mg.
    Nutrient broth is diluted 20 times and 1.5 mg of lysozyme per ml is added to the diluted suspension. The samples are then analyzed after 30 and 60 minutes according to the standard procedure for a non-immobilized glucose isomerization catalyst.
    The standard procedure for measuring the total activity of a cell concentrate involves incubation for 1 hour with lysozyme after dilution of 150–200 times. Then, the activity of the sample not treated with lysozyme is determined, the percentage of soluble activity can be calculated by admitting that the activity of intact cells is at most 35%. For example, if the activity after treatment with lysozyme was 135 GlNU / r, and without treatment with lysozyme 120 GlNU / r, the percentage of soluble enzyme could be
    found as X by the following equation:
    , 35 + (igO-X) 1.35X 0,
    Another advantage of the high degree of cell disruption is that the physical stability of the final product increases more and more and the cells (and other suspended substances) are better split. To ensure optimum conditions, it is useful to inject; pumping sucks through an industrial homogenizer.
    There are several known methods for the destruction of cells, but only a few are suitable on industrial scale. A common and relatively cheap method of cell disintegration is the use of a ball mill.
    The glucose isomerization catalyst 0 catalyzes the isomerization of glucose to fructose. Formed fructose is analyzed by the cysteine carbazole method used for ketosis.
    5 A unit of measurement of a glucose isomerization catalyst (GINU) is defined as the amount of enzyme that catalyzes the formation of 1 µmol of fructose per 1 minute under the following standard conditions:
    Temperature 65.0 s Concentration
    substrate 5% glucose Buffer con-0.25 M maleate 5 centerra tion buffer
    pH 6.50
    20
    Reaction time
    min
    The equipment includes a magnetic 40 stirrer, water baths (30.0 ° С and 65.0 ° С) pH meter, spectrophotometer, stopwatch and rotamixer.
    Use the following reagents. 1. Buffer solution, pH 6.50 45 (0.25 M mallow buffer, 0.1 M magnesium sulfate, 1.0% potassium chloride).
    To maleic acid (29.0 g) NaOH (19.0 g)., MgSO THjO (24.7 g), KCfc (10.0 g) add deionized water to 1000 ml.
    When all reagents are dissolved, the pH is monitored with a pH meter and the buffer solution is adjusted to
    6.50 by adding 1 n. NaOH
    or 1 n. her The addition of NaOH increases the precipitation of MD (OH.), Which dissolves again with stirring. Therefore, NaOH must be added very slowly.
    2, Glucose substrate - contains 10% anhydrous glucose (100 g), CoSY16N O (475 mg), - pH of the buffer 6.5; zeionized water is added
    up to 1000 ml. When the reagents are dissolved, the pH is again monitored with a pH meter and adjusted to 6.50, as described above. 0.1% chloroform (1.0 yl) is added to preserve the substrate. The substrate is stored on cooling until use. 3. Perchloric acid - approximately 0.1 M 70% (10 ml) and deionized water up to 1000 mg. 4. Solution L-cysteine — 2.2% NSY 240 ml of cysteine hydrochloride (donohydrate) and deionized water up to 10 ml. This solution is prepared again daily. 5. The solution of carbazole - 400 mg of 0.4% carbazole and 96% ethane to 100 ml. The solution must be stored under cooling. 6. Sulfuric acid (80%) - 300 ml of deionized water and 775 ml of HgSO (96%). The water is cooled in an ice bath and the cooled sulfuric acid is carefully added. Shatterproof glass must be used. 7. Sulfur dioxide - carbazole 100 ml of 80% sulfuric acid and 0.4% solution of carbazole in 1 ml of ethanol. Cook again every day. It is necessary to keep in the refrigerator until the very moment of use. 8. Standard of fructose I 20 m Molar (raw material solution) - 360 mg of fructose and 0.1 M perchloric acid to 100 mg. This solution must be stored when cooled. 9. Standard of fructose and 1 m Molar - 5.0 ml of standard fructose I and 0.1 M perchloric acid to 100 ml. Prepare anew every day and use as a standard on the addition of fructose. The test sample was diluted with buffer to a concentration of 0.10, 8 GlNU / ml. In this case, the extinction is 0.2–1.7 at 560 nm. Isomerization is carried out as follows. From the diluted sample, 1 ml samples are taken for testing and controls. 10X 160 mm tubes are used. Turn on a stopwatch and place the glucose substrate, test samples and control samples in a water bath at 65 ° C and close with glass stoppers. For 10 minutes, add 1.0 ml of glucose substrate to the first sample and shake. After 10 minutes, 10 seconds, add 1.0 ml of glucose substrate to the second test sample and shake. Pr should be added to the next tag after 10 minutes, 20 seconds, etc. After 30 minutes, 10.0 ml of 0.1 M perchloric acid was added to the first test sample and removed from the water bath. After 30 minutes, 10 seconds, 10.0 ml of 0.1 M perchloric acid is added to the second test sample and removed from the water bath. Repeat the addition to the third prototype after 30 min 20 sec, etc. After the last prototype has been removed, 10.0 ml of 0.1 M perchloric acid is continued to be added to all the test samples and then they are also removed from the water bath. At the end, add 1.0 ml of glucose substrate to all control samples. Shake all samples thoroughly and determine fructose. To do this, from the cooled and thoroughly mixed samples, O, 5O, ml samples are taken in a pipette into 10 160 160 mm tubes. To these tubes, add two standards of fructose (/ J) and two tubes with deionized water. Water tubes are used as a reference when measuring extinction. To each tube is added 100 ml of a solution of cysteine HC. After shaking, place all tubes in a water bath (30 ° C). A stopwatch is started, 3.0 ml of cooled sulfuric acid – carbazole reagent is added to the first standard and mixed thoroughly on a rotamixer (safety glass is used). For 30 seconds, add 3.0 ml of sulfuric acid-carbazole reagent to the second standard, etc. At intervals of 30 seconds, the samples are processed in the following order: control, test samples, fructose standards. The spectrophotometer is calibrated at -30 min for 100% transmission at 560 nm according to the first standard. For 30 minutes and 30 seconds, the spectrophotometer was adjusted according to the second standard. The extinction of the first control experiment is determined for 31 minutes. The activity is calculated using the following formula: () -iZ-V-f QlW / r, Std-2auj where S is the extrusion of the test sample; in the extinction of the control experiment; - amount of sample after isomerization, ml-extinction of standard fructose; -coefficient; - quantity of the sample taken, g; - volume, ml; dilution factor. Example. 1 g of the enzyme is dissolved in a buffer and made up to 100 ml. 1.0 ml of this solution is taken and brought to 100 ml using a buffer solution. The analysis is carried out as described above. Device readings: S 0.365; B 0.128; S-B 0.237; Std 1,162 pyp / - &) - /. 0.237-i2-m-W NU / g 5ld.2btu - 1.16 th-i The petite concentrate, after immobilization and binding as a result of the reaction with glutaraldehyde, contains 0-75% of intact cells and 3-30% by weight of dry matter. The entire isolated glucose isomerization catalyst in soluble form remains in the concentrate for incorporation into the enzyme. The dry matter is the residue after drying for 16 hours. Drying for 24 hours at 60 ° C in vacuo gives an alternative dry substance. The amount of glutaraldehyde reacting with the cell concentrate may be in the range from 1 to 100% by weight of glutaraldehyde, depending on the concentration of the dry substance. A small amount of glutaraldehyde leads to product inadmissible for industrial use, and a very large amount reduces the specific activity of the end enzyme. A suitable ratio of the dry weight of glutaraldehyde to dry matter of the raw material ranges from 0.01 to 1 (preferably from 0.04 to 0.4 and in particular from 0.05 to 0.3). The relative content of glutaraldehyde used may vary depending on the type of microorganism, even depending on the scale of industrial production of glucose conversion. Chlutaric aldehyde can be added to the cell concentrate as a commercial concentrated (e.g. 25%) glutaraldehyde solution , the mixture is thoroughly mixed to form a glutaraldehyde dispersion. The binding and regeneration reactions of the product can be carried out in a wide variety of ways by A1A. According to one of the methods, the starting material is either a concentrated automated enzymatic broth or a humanized concentrate. The amount of added glutaral aldehyde and temperature is chosen as follows. for 1 hour the mixture turned into a gel. According to another method, the starting material, which can be either an automated concentrate or a homogenate, is treated with flocculus before adding glutaraldehyde to form aggregates and enhance the coupling reaction. According to the following procedure, the bound mixture is frozen to form a heterogeneous gel, which leads to a more porous product. With respect to the starting product, any form of enzyme can be used, the conditions of the binding step should not be chosen to allow gelation before freezing. After freezing, the gel melts at a temperature above the freezing point. This allows the coupling reaction to continue and form a porous product. The homogenate or automated concentrate is treated with glutaraldehyde, and then the mixture is kept at rest at ambient temperature until the whole is gelled. While the gel is soft, it is granulated and sometimes washed. After that, the gel is dried, preferably at an average temperature (30-50 ° C), for example, up to 88% of dry matter. Then the product is washed and dried again. The result is a granular highly active product. If desired, the granulation of the glucose isomerization catalyst is carried out by extrusion. The hardness of the granulated product is controlled by adjusting the initial amount of glutaraldehyde or the degree of washing. When flushing, remove unreacted glutaraldehyde and get a softer product. The reaction is continued during the drying of the product and results in its solidification. The last stage of washing is carried out mainly for the removal of very fine particles. Dry particles of the product have exceptional dimensional stability and structural strength, retaining the high activity of the natural enzyme inherent in microbiological cells. The particulate glucose isomerization catalyst is suitable for multiple uses for the conversion of glucose to fructose in batch reactors or column reactors. After the autolysis stage, the cell concentrate is treated with flocculation to agglomerate cells and cell fragments, and then interact with glutaraldehyde. It is good to initially add glutaraldehyde and then immediately after glutaraldehyde or before filtering the flocked gel flocculant nt. After the formation of the gel, it is washed and filtered, removing water, flocculus nt, and / or unreacted glutaral acid. You can use any type of filter to filter. A pump is used to transfer the slurry to the press. They are suitable because they do not usually destroy the raw materials. In this herd, the dry matter content in the gel mass rises, for example, from 11 to 30%. After that, the filter cake is granulated and dried, for example, 88% of dry matter. Solids are produced with high enzyme activity. The main advantage of the flocculation of the cell concentrate is that a more neutralized gel is obtained, which reduces the load on the drying equipment. Suitable flocculins are EC 25 and Superfloc C 521. The use of physical dewatering during the filtration stage consists in that the filter cake with a lower water content is more granular than the gel, which can only be divided into irregularly shaped pieces before drying. A filter cake can be pelletized on an oscillating granulator. Another method of obtaining particles from the filterpress pellet consists of extruding a pellet through holes of the required diameter on the plate. Any extruder with correct holes can be used. The diameter of the sieve holes of the extruder can be from 200 M to 2 mm or even more. When the diameter is too large, diffusion complications arise. Too small a diameter, on the other hand, produces particles that cause significant pressure drops in large columns when fixed bed reactors are used. The sequence of treatment, including the stage of freezing a cell concentrate treated with glutaraldehyde, provides technology advantages in the preparation of the product. Freezing can be carried out both after gel formation and. in front of him, immediately after mixing the concentrate and glutaraldehyde. In this case, the reaction is completely terminated after melting. After washing with water and removing water, a product is obtained which has a certain amount of dry matter, for example 30% dry matter. After that, the product is dried, for example, up to 88% of dry matter. Freezing produces a lamellar or flaky product, which by its nature is elastic, fibrous and / or almost porous. When compared with granulated products, the product of the freezing process almost does not have very small particles. Another process variant involves drying the frozen reaction product at a temperature below 0 ° C. However, such drying requires expensive vacuum equipment and results in a relatively high process cost. Since any variant of evaporative drying requires technological costs, dehydration, which is facilitated by freezing and flocculation, has some advantages. The bound washed product can be compressed (on a filter) to remove the initial amount of water and obtain a product with a dry matter content of about 30%. If desired, this product can be used to isomerize glucose. However, some drying is preferred and a product with a dry matter content of 80% is desirable. The microorganism that is used according to the invention as a source of glucose isomerization catalyst is Bacillus coagulaus. This microorganism easily disintegrates, releasing both the enzyme in soluble form and components such as proteins and nucleic acids. Typical strains are NRRL B-5649 to B-5666 and B-5351. Example 1: Preparation of concentrate and immobilization. Bacillus shtama NRRL B-5656 cells are cultured, the content of the catalyst isomerization of glucose. The cells are then removed from the fermentation broth by centrifuging on West-talia Sams with a self-cleaning basket, the pH is adjusted to 6.3. The analysis showed that the concentrate contains about 10 wt.% By volume of dry matter and about 40% of intact cells. 38 ml of commercial 50% glutaraldehyde are added to 1 kg of concentrate with stirring, and glutaraldehyde and cell concentrate are thoroughly mixed. Thereafter, the reaction mass is maintained at ambient temperature at rest. After 1 hour, the reaction mixture is gelled to a viscous mass with a consistency resembling cheese curd. The mass is destroyed by moderate stirring, washed with two volumes of de-ionized water and the water is removed. The gel pieces are then transferred to a vacuum dryer drum, where approximately 1 kg is dehydrated
    with a weight of about 130 g. In the course of dehydration, soft gel pieces turn into a solid, size-stable material.
    The dehydrated pieces are crushed into particles with a diameter of less than 1 mm. The secretion of the enzyme varies from load to load, and this is the initial activity. However, about 15% by weight of the product is very small particles (1-70 µm).
    Example 2. Immobilization of freezing.
    According to the procedure of Example 1, 1 kg of cell sludge is prepared (40% of intact cells). The procedure of Example 1 is then repeated until the step of preparing a mixture of glutate aldehyde and cell concentrate and gelation. After that, the gel (in the same vessel) is self-absorbed and left overnight. The next day, the gel is melted, raising the temperature to ambient temperature, and a water mass is obtained. More water is added while mixing and then the zod is removed. The product is dried on a tumble dryer to a weight of about 130 g. The final product consists of porous particles and has a flaky appearance. Activity varies from load to load from 60 to .70%. However, the formation of fine particles is not observed.
    Example 3, Immobilization by Flocculation.
    1550 l of fermentation coagufaus fermentation broth (NRRL in 5656), producing a glucose isomerization catalyst, are concentrated by centrifugation on Westfafia sanis 15037 at 10 ° C to form a sludge containing about 12 g dry weight {105 ° C) per 100 ml of concentrate,
    11 kg of this concentrate (pH 7.9) is kept at 20 s for 3 hours at room temperature and stirred moderately in order to cause autolysis of the coaguPaus cells. then the pH is adjusted to 6.5 with dilute acetic acid. To a sludge having 73% activity and a soluble form, 330 ml of a 50% solution of glutaraldehyde are added and a concentration of about 1.5% w / v of glutaraldehyde in the reaction mixture is obtained. After 1 hour, the partially bound gel was vigorously stirred after adding 20 liters of dionized water.
    To the suspension thus obtained, add 80 ml of a 30% dilution of DrewfPoc KC 25 to obtain a clear solution. The slurry is filtered to remove as much of the water as possible. Pressed cyiMET precipitate in vacuo at and
    then this dried sediment is converted into particles with a size of less than 300 M.
    Activity is determined by isomerizing the charge in the presence of a spray-dried powder from the concentrate as a reference. Conditions: pH 7.0, 65 ° C, 0.1 g Soz. per liter and 2.0, -MjfSO 7H2O per liter, 40% glucose weight, / weight. The mixture is flushed with nitrogen. The activity of immobilized enzyme is 70% of the standard. After the experiment, the mobilized enzyme is isolated by filtration and reused. This is done five times and after five times of use there is no significant decrease.
    5 activity.
    The second portion of autolyzed cell concentrate is treated with 20 ml of 30% Drewf oc EC 25 per 1 kg
    0 sludge followed by reaction with 1.4% w / w. glutaraldehyde.
    The same product is obtained, Example 4. Homogenate (crosslinking).
    12 liters of sieve prepared as described in Example 3 are homogenized in order to obtain free enzyme and other intracellular proteins.
    0 by destroying cells.
    At a pH of about 7.5, the cell concentrate is pumped through a pump through a Manton homogenizer.
    Pressure 400 kg / cm. Homogonat with activity greater than 95%
    5 in soluble form, is subjected to interaction with 40 ml / l 50% wt./weight. solution of glutaraldehyde in solution. After reaction for 1 hour at ambient temperature, the formed gel is destroyed mechanically, diluted with 20 liters of deionized water, and then follows the procedure of Example 1. The desired product is obtained.
    5 Example 5, Addition of flocculant to homogenate after glutaral aldep da.
    12 l of sludge obtained by the method of example 3, homogenized by
    0 method of example 4. Received 95% of the activity in soluble form. A 50% w / w weight was added to the homogenate at pH 7.0 and temperature. a solution of glutaraldehyde and PF yield a concentration of 2.0% w / w. glutaraldehyde in solution. After 1 hour, the gel is destroyed mechanically, diluted with 2 vol. water and pH was adjusted to 7.5. Add 150 ml of 30% w / w. in EU 25 Dreu.fte
    About and get a clear aqueous suspension. The mixture is filtered on a frame filter press. The filter cake is vented with compressed air to remove some of the free water. Ventilated
    The filter cake is extruded on an MopogoC axial extruder from Simon Heesen equipped with a screen with 0.8 mm holes. The product cyrjar in fluidized bed simulator with water-watered water at a temperature of
    300 g are loaded into a 1-liter equipped column and at iSO-C temperature and pH 7.2 at i temperature is pumped through the column at a rate of 1 l / h at 40% w / w, into glucose solution) Sonversi 43%, Glucose solution contains 0.1 g and 2.0 g Mg-5O / per liter.
    Example 6, Preparation; e concentrate from fermentation broth and its immobilization.
    1000 l of fermentation broth on V / estfa ia Sams No. 5bb, the separation of the glucose isomerization catalyst is concentrated by centrifugation at IQ ° C coag- (J onstlKKl-i5037 on a self-cleaning separator and sludge is obtained containing 12 g of dry 100 ml of concentrate and 56% of soluble the enzyme. 20 l of the concentrate is treated with a buffer solution of 20% aqueous acetic acid with a pH of 3.5 with a decrease in the pH of the concentrate to 6.3. Then, 800 ml of an aqueous solution of 50% glutaraldehyde are added and the mixture is thoroughly changed, maintained for 45 min to form a gel. The gel is dispersed in 20 l of ionized water, filtered on a filter press, and the filter cake is blown with compressed air on a filter press to remove excess water. The partially dried precipitate (11.6 kg) is granulated on an oscillating granulator and dried in a drying oven at 35 ° C to form 2.3 kg of very solid particles that retain their physical properties even after mixing in 40% w / w glucose syrup at 60 ° C for several days.
    Then the granules (size from 88 to 300 M) are stirred for 20 hours at 65 ° C in an aqueous medium containing 40% w / w. glucose, 0.1% wt./about. M S04-7H20 and 0.01 wt./about. at pH 6.6, 63% of the activity of the spray-dried powder concentrate obtained under the same conditions is obtained.
    The crosslinked sediment / obtained by the described method from the same sludge is extruded on an axial extruder with a screen size of 0.5 mm and dried in a fluidized bed with air supply at. Cylindrical particles with a very small size distribution are obtained.
    A certain amount of the same cell concentrate is mixed with glutaraldehyde at pH 6.3,
    a concentration of 1.2% is obtained, the circulating air is cooled on the shelves of the axial furnace at a temperature. The final sediment is softened in a mortar and tested as described above. Get 43% of the activity of the reference spray dried powder.
    10 liters of the same cell concentrate are homogenized using Manfon Caufin. homogenizer at 400 atm and get a homogenate with more than 95% activity in soluble form.
    100 ml of the homogenate are mixed for 20 minutes with 5 ml of 20% w / v. glutaraldehyde solution at pH 6.8, is distributed on the surface as a 1 cm layer, dried at a temperature of 20 ° C, and ground in a mortar to form 11.6 g of particles. The particles are stirred for 20 minutes in 200 ml of deionized water and dried to form 9.7 g of solid particles.
    The solids are loaded into a jacketed column maintained at 65 ° C and passed through at 45 ml / h feed, consisting of 40% w / w glucose and 0.1% w / w. Mg5O / -7Hg O at pH 7.8. After 44 hours, the conversion is 45.2%.
    Example 7i Concentrate, freeze.
    1000 l of Bacillus coagulans fermentation broth, isolating the glucose isomerization catalyst, are concentrated by centrifugation at 10 ° C on a Westfalia Sams 15037 separator and sludge is obtained, containing 12 g of dry weight per 100 ml of sludge concentrate. This sludge is autologized for 8 hours at a temperature of 15 ° C and pH 7.2. An activity of 84% is soluble. 10 liters of autolysing concentrated sludge is cooled to, mixed thoroughly with 300 ml of 50% w / w. a solution of glutaraldehyde, placed on polka and lowered to -20 ° C for freezing. After the freezing is completed, the frozen concentrate is melted at 2 ° C and the resulting porous mass is dispersed in 20 liters of deionized water, filtered on a basket centrifuge equipped with coarse filtration cloth, granulated on an oscillating granulator with a 7-mesh screen, dried in a fluidized bed dryer layer with an air supply at a temperature of 60 ° C and get fiber fibrous, porous granules.
    The granules (from 83 to 300 M in size) are stirred for 20 hours at a temperature in an aqueous medium containing 40% by weight glucose, 0.2% by weight / vol. MgSO; 7H2O and 0.1 wt.% CoSO 7H2O at pH 6.6. Get 79% of the activity of the reference spray dried powder. The granules obtained in the same way, excluding the stage of drying, are less solid, but more elastic. They exhibit 81% activity. Example 8. Different enzyme concentrations. Three portions of 100 MP of the homogenate of example 6 with more than 95% soluble enzyme are treated as follows: 1. Mix with 10 ml of 20% wt./weight. glutaraldehyde at pH 6.8. 2. Similarly 1, but first diluted with 100 ml of deionized water. 3. Similarly 1, but first diluted with 200 ml of deionized water. All three portions are frozen at -18 ° C, then melted at 20 ° C, the resulting porous substances are dispersed in 300 ml of aa ionized water, filtered, sous (at 20 ° C and granulated; 5 g of each sample is tested with a jacket column at 65 ° C, pH 7.8, speed 30 ml / hour 40% w / v glucose solution containing 0.1% w / v and-0.01% weight CoSO VHgO, 20 h. Conversion rate first portions 46.4, second - 6.8, third - 47.4. Example 9. Comparison of samples with different degrees of cell destruction. Concentrate (60% of destroyed cells) and homogenate (more than 95% Damaged cells) are prepared as described in Example 6. 200 ml of each sample is mixed for 20 minutes with 8 ml of a 50% w / w solution of glutaral aldehyde, frozen at temperatures and melted at 20 s. The resulting porous product is pressed, destroyed, stirred for 20 minutes in 1 liter of deionized water; filtered on a Buchner funnel, pressed on the filter, dispersed in 1 liter of deionized water, filtered again, dried at 20 ° C and granulated; 5 g of each granulate was tested in the columns according to the method of Example 6 at a feed rate of 30 ml / hour. After 20 hours, the following results were obtained: concentrate conversion 40%, homogenate - 45.1%. The hardness of the particles after the experiment is measured, the concentrate particles are soft, and the homogenate particles are hard. A sample of intact cells of Arthrobacter B 3726 is treated in the same way, however, immobilization is not satisfactory because it does not form bodies stable in shape. Example 10. Comparison of samples with varying degrees of cell destruction. Concentrate a, having 56% of the destroyed cells, was obtained by the method of example 6, with more than 95% of the destroyed cells, as well as by the method of example 6. 200 ml of each of them are mixed for 20 minutes with 8 ml of 50% weight. /weight. solution of glutaraldehyde, frozen at a temperature melted at, poluchennyyporisty product is drained, destroy, stirred for 20 minutes in 1 liter of deionized water, tfiltrovyvayut on a Buchner funnel, pressovyvayut filter, redispersed in 1 L of deionized 8ody, filtered, dried under 20 ° C and granularit; 5 g of each granulate was tested in the columns according to the method of Example 6 using 40% w / w. glucose at a feed rate of 30 ml / hour. After 20 hours, the following results were obtained: concentrate conversion - 40, concentrate - 45.1. The determination of the stiffness after the experiment gave the following results: a - mgy product, into a hard product. Example 11. Glutaraldehyde requirements, concentrate and homogenate. Granules are prepared from the concentrate (55% of the destroyed cells) and from the homogenate (96% of the destroyed cells) according to the method of Example 10, but using different concentrations of glutaraldehyde. They are then stirred for 20 hours in deionized water at, after which the stiffness is determined by the following method: the particles are compressed as much as possible between two fingers and the results are determined by the following scale: 1 Completely glued 2 Glued to a large extent 3 Glued only to a small extent 4 No Gluing , tough 5Very tough 6B extremely tough The minimum stiffness suitable on an industrial scale is 3 or 4. The table shows the results on the determination of the stiffness of the granules.
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [1]
    Claim
    1. The method of obtaining immobilized enzyme preparation gluco-
    15 zoisomerase, providing for mixing a culture fluid containing microorganism cells with a solution of glutaraldehyde, characterized in that, for the purpose
    20 to obtain a water-insoluble preparation and increase its physical stability during glucose isomerization, the culture fluid is concentrated before mixing to a solids content of 3-30 wt.%, The cells of microorganisms are destroyed in the resulting concentrate to 25-100% of destroyed cells; glutaraldehyde is used in an amount of 0.01-1.0 parts by weight. for 1 weight.h. dry matter of the concentrate and the mixture is kept at ambient temperature until a gel is formed, after which the gel is granulated,
    25 the resulting preparation is dehydrated, washed and dehydrated again.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that use the culture fluid of microorganisms of the genus Bacillus.
    [3]
    3. The method according to PP. 1 and 2, characterized in that the culture fluid of the microorganisms Bacillus coagulans is used.
    [4]
    4-. The method of claim 1, wherein the cells are destroyed by autolysis.
    [5]
    5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that they destroy cells by homogenization.
    fifty
    [6]
    6. The method according to PP. 1-4, characterized in that a flocculant is introduced into the concentrate after autolysis and then, after mixing with glutaraldehyde, it is diluted with water and
    55 are filtered.
    [7]
    7. The method according to claim 1, about t and h and skinny with the fact that the dehydration of the drug is carried out by drying or freezing.
    ... Sources of information taken into account in the examination
    1. Patent of England No. 1376983, cl. With 3 I. published. 1971 (prototype).
    Circulation 495. Subscription
    Branch of the RFP! 'Patent'g. Uzhhorod, st. Project, 4
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FI752406A|1976-02-29|
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    NL7510075A|1976-03-02|
    DK143569C|1982-02-08|
    DK143569B|1981-09-07|
    DE2537993A1|1976-03-11|
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    MX3544E|1981-02-10|
    CH613980A5|1979-10-31|
    FR2283148A1|1976-03-26|
    AT344647B|1978-08-10|
    BE832852A|1976-03-01|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
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